South deep shaft sinking pdf

Shaft sinking is one of the dangerous forms of mining and involves a lot of risk. Pdf using an integrated model for shaft sinking method. Field measurement of rock displacement during sinking of a. Soard 2 abstract the bureau of mines, under a cooperative agreement with hecla mining co. Our substantial engineering capability provides a true inhouse designbuild service which helps to streamline complex projects. However, overall shaft closure, especially closure rate, indi cated shaft stability and the adequacy of.

Sinking contractors close out presentation on completion of south. The dimensions of the dgr shafts are sufficient to accommodate a dual boom drill jumbo as illustrated. Shaftsinking practices and costs alaska division of. Shaft mining or shaft sinking refers to the method of excavating a vertical or nearvertical tunnel from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. The deepest one lift blind vertical shaft sunk to date has been the south deep shaft in south africa to a depth of some 2 991 metres below collar. Introduction in addition to the technical parameters, the safety and economic issues are also important to make the accu shaft is one of the most important capital openings of rate decisions regarding the design and sinking the shafts underground deep mines, which is used to have access to bhulose 2004. Shaft mining or shaft sinking is excavating a vertical or nearvertical tunnel from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. Shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft in squeezing ground g. Generally, shaft sinking is performed at the early stages of mine development. Working in some of the most extreme conditions and remote locations on earth such as the jungles of south america, the gobi desert of mongolia and the high arctic, redpath has the experience and expertise to mobilize people and equipment to safely.

European editor kyran casteel reports on progress at anglo platinums paardekraal 4,000ft deep no. Shaft sinkers for example pioneered mid shaft development a system which facilitates horizontal access to the ore body from the vertical shaft while primary shaft sinking is still in progress. For many years it has been the practice to line mine shafts, particularly in britain. South deep gold mine operates one gold plant and is accessed from the surface through two shaft systems, the twin shaft complex of which the main shaft comprises a singledrop to a depth of 2,995 metres, and the south shaft complex. Particularly mucking and hoisting operations of the sinking cycle have a relevant impact on sinking performance and offer. In doing so it has achieved a number of world firsts. The shaft of mansar and balaghat mines have made by conventional shaft sinking method but if this shaft would have been sunk with the advanced technologies like vsm and shaft borer the production rate would have been raised to 30 % marks, 2002 with the sophisticated usage of manpower, increasing safety and reducing cost of capital on shaft. They have a finished lined diameter of nine metres. In this paper, the main lashing techniques used in modern shaft sinking are. This method is now mainly carried out in canada and south africa. For quick and reliable construction of vertical shafts, herrenknecht developed its vsm vertical shaft sinking machine technology, today an established product on the market.

Sandy or running ground, especially if wet, offers difficulties in shaft sinking. Shaft sinking if the nature of the ground above the bedrock is not known, it is advisable to drill test holes. A rare opportunity to monitor seismicity associated with shaft sinking at the campbell mine arose when operators decided to extend a new shaft to deeper ore resources. Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution.

Emergency response planning for shaft sinking 5 objective shaft sinking and shaft rehabilitation are unique mining operations because of the specialized nature of the work being performed and the severity of the hazards involved. Sinking over 170 kilometres of vertical shafts to date. Shaft engineering institution of mining and metallurgy. Papers presented at the shaft engineering conference, organized by the institution of mining and metallurgy in association with the institution of civil engineers and the institution of mining engineers, and held in harrogate, england, from 5 to 7 june, 1989. Basotho miners and shaftsinking on the south african. The challenging conditions temperature, water ingress, etc experienced sinking the 2,116. Traditional south african shaft sinking methods were employed during the sinking of this shaft. The crews sinking the shaft use a galloway work stage, which allows the miners to do all of the work with a high degree of automation, withdraw during the blast, and then quickly return to the bottom and. Sinking in excess of 35 kilometres of incline and decline shafts. The mine was further explored and categorised into four areas, namely old mine, current mine, phase 1. An increased emphasis on safety, deeper lying orebodies.

South african mine competes with soviet mine for worlds deepest shaft. Galleries or mine works with connecting shafts may have been closed before the shaft was backfilled in order to avoid spreading of the backfilling material in the galleries. It is necessary to take into consideration the capability of the mine shaft to penetrate deep into underground mining. During the best of times, production was averaging 9 ft per day ftd and by 2012 the 28ftdiameter shaft had reached more than 1mile deep. Even when they are needed, labor costs will restrict the amount of. Mining and quarrying safety and health regulation 2017. It is also common to find mine shaft opened even decades after mining activity.

Geotechnical investigation of decline shaft portals r a puchner. Cycle times the sinking cycle was designed so that each working shift of 8 hours would be able to clean, drill and blast a shaft round of 2 metres. The distribution of displacements in the rock mass reflected the progressive fracturing of rock around he shaft, a poorly understood mechanism that is a major contributor to closure in deep mines. This unique mechanized shaft sinking equipment shows its strengths particularly below groundwater. Figure 7 everything about the south deep twin shaft complex is big and size of the 22m deep box cut for the main shaft headgear was the first indicator. Shaft mining, mining techniques, underground mining.

Shaft construction metalliferous mines shaft sink operations. Precementation or pregrouting of deep shafts in south africa is an established technique to improve safety and reduce water ingress during shaft sinking. Venetia mine is south of the limpopo river 87 km west of musina. The survey intellectual capital, with respect to sinking and equipping shafts, has been lost across the discipline due to attrition. Field measurement of rock displacement and support pressure.

The assessment of the groundwater problem and the general approach to grouting design and procedures are described, together with a number of case histories, from both the united kingdom and overseas, which serve to illustrate the. Vertical shaft sinking machine vsm herrenknecht ag. Using this method, almost any shaft geometry is feasible and challenging ground conditions can be sunk through with acceptable sinking performances. In many other parts of the world especially where few difficulties. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft in. An increased emphasis on safety, deeper lying orebodies and increasingly challenging underground conditions have slowed down shaft sinking rates, adding to the list of issues developers face when trying to finance new underground mines. The problem arises with the excavation because of nearly 8m thick dupitila sandstone formation just 6m below the surface in the area. Figure 8 the main shaft headgear concrete shell took 41 days to construct and was slipformed at a rate of 115mm per hour.

Take, for instance, the resolution copper project in arizona, where cementation is currently sinking a 2, m deep 7,000ft exploration shaft. In many other parts of the world especially where few difficulties are expected it has often been the custom to sink rectangular shafts either unlined or containing timbers. Introduction to mine engineering mining and blasting. A shaftsinking plant consists of a headframe, hoisting equipment, an aircompressor. The progress available with shaft sinking machines may be appreciated from the following performance of a machine manufactured by wirth, a leading manufacturer in west germany. South deep gold mine technical short form report 2011. Kelvin mcleod media consultant interactive info sinking the south shaft west rand consolidated mines limited 21st april 1933 author. Blind sink shafts can be sunk from very shallow to very deep, and to any diameter, depending on the requirement. Alastair douglas executive director murray and roberts cementation.

As such, it is rare to have a microseismic monitoring system installed during mine shaft construction. South deep gold mine operates one gold plant and is accessed from the surface through two shaft systems. Engineering quantity of vertical shaft accounts for 5 % of total project amount of mine construction project. To be the global leader in sustainable gold mining. Joy shaft sinking equipment is designed to be versatile and meet customer requirements while providing capital costs reductions due to the ability for rebuild and modification for future shaft sinking applications. For abandoned mine shafts, some problems linked to deterioration of the sealing structure at the shaft head, or movement of backfilling material in the shaft have been observed. The deep gold mine extends across an area of 4,268ha. If the shaft should be deep and shaft diameter is supposed to be more than 4. The top ten deepest mines in the world mining technology. Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash shaft. When it comes to design of a mine shaft, there are two options. This makes it one of the deepest mines in south africa and also gives it the accolade of having the. May 26, 2016 the shaft of mansar and balaghat mines have made by conventional shaft sinking method but if this shaft would have been sunk with the advanced technologies like vsm and shaft borer the production rate would have been raised to 30 % marks, 2002 with the sophisticated usage of manpower, increasing safety and reducing cost of capital on shaft. In this paper, our concern is about shaft sinking method for underground mining.

Sinking contractors close out presentation on completion of south deep shafts author. The design provided for an average advance of 1netres per month and making provision for. Introduction construction of vertical shaft is a key project in mine construction 1. The cementation mining group is recognized as one of the premier shaft sinking contractors in the world. Shaft sinking redpath mining contractors and engineers. Vaal reefs 10 shaft was a twin shaft system one shaft for men and materials and cold air going down, the other for ore hoppers and warm air coming back out. The twin shaft complex of which the main shaft comprises a single drop to a depth of 2995 metres, and the original mines south shaft complex. Shaft sinkers and mining contractors conference 2009 r puchner page 5 percussion borehole will help in estimating the anticipated volume of water which may enter the shaft during construction.

Construction of a concrete plug in the south deeps main. Microseismic monitoring of increased activity during shaft. Mponeng gold mine in south africa is currently the deepest mine in the. Structures generally consist of walls in hollow blocks, metal dams or concrete plugs. A stereonet plot of the joint orientations and main joint sets. Driefontein gold mine is a large, wellestablished shallow to ultra deep level gold mine with workings that are accessed through eight shaft systems that mine various gold bearing reefs from open ground and pillars that occur at depths between 600 and 3,300 metres below surface. Keep your workers safer and reduce damage to mine shaft guides. This is just one of our many innovations for which the company has gained renown. It is fair to say development rates in the shaft sinking industry have been heading south for some time. The main and ventilation shafts are being sunk to design depths of 2 765 metres and 2 760 metres respectively, making them the worlds deepest singlelift shafts. A shaftsinking plant consists of a headframe, hoisting equipment, an aircompressor for drills, concrete mixing equipment and suitable pumps. The location necessitated a philosophy of shaft pillar protection.

The shaftsinking process at mponeng began in 1981 while gold. Hard rock deep hole cutting blasting technology in. The south african institute of mining and metallurgy. Shaft sinking cost analysis by john edward dowis a thesis. The advance rates in some of these shafts are similar to or better than those achieved in north america. The process is further complicated because shaft contractors find it difficult to hire, train and maintain crews due. The company has routinely sunk ultra deep shafts in excess of 1200 meters. Jul 16, 2019 i spent about 6 months oncall as a shaft sinking geologist on a new, deep level gold mine that was under construction near klerksdorp. The recent completion of several precementation projects for shafts deeper than m has once again highlighted the effectiveness of pregrouting of shafts utilizing deep slimline boreholes and incorporating wireline technique for. The mining out of the plug and the reestablishment of normal sinking routines. Background to the south deep shaft sinking project the south deep shafts were positioned to pass through the single reef vcr orebody for practical, economic and several other advantageous reasons which have been covered in a number of previous papers. Selection of shaft sinking method for underground mining. South deep gold mine, gauteng province, south africa.

Pdf shaft sinking and lining design for a deep potash. Deep level mining where the mining was undertaken by driving. The mine was further explored and categorised into four areas, namely old mine, current mine, phase 1 and phase 2. As with the stripandline method, a presink is required. Field measurement of rock displacement and support. Handbook to best practices for mine shafts protection. First company to have sunk the worlds deepest shaft at moab mine 3649 meters. The most dramatic example was that of south deep s sv1 subvertical shaft which was completely destroyed below the reef intersection b y a sudden major collapse of the concrete lining and the. Deep shafts provide vertical or inclined access to existing or proposed. Occasionally a hoist for sinking a deep shaft in one lift must be. Grouting for ground water control in underground mining. It operates a gold mine accessed through two shaft systems, including the 2,995m deep twin shaft complex and the south shaft complex.

Over 100 gold miners killed in south african accident. Shaft sinking redpath is recognized throughout the industry as a global leader in shaft sinking. A critical overview of a completet shaft project and the. Pdf this paper describes key geotechnical issues in the design and excavation of mine shafts in weak sedimentary rocks that are commonly. Depths of the coal seams reveal the necessity of a vertical shaft underground which again needs deep excavation. The pairing of our shaft jumbos and shaft mucker provides a continuous shaft cycle which eliminates the need. Apr 29, 2020 regarding the chinese shaft sinking, we do not have the exact figures for the time period in question, but between 2000 and 2015, 1,092 completed shafts have been reported by chinese shaft sinkers in both hard and soft ground.